Country
Evidence strength
Key resource(s) identified
Priority for further search
Notes and recent additions
Brunei Darussalam
Evidence strength: Limited–Moderate
Key resources: Brunei Climate Change Secretariat (climate impacts on fisheries/aquaculture); SEAFDEC regional statistics; Shams (2023); Sukri & Wah (2022); Sulaiman & Lawrey (2013)
Priority: Medium
Notes: Official source identifies ocean warming, acidification, drought/flooding and saltwater intrusion risks. Added: Shams (2023) direct aquaculture–salinity evidence and Sukri & Wah (2022) national adaptation chapter. Still thin on farm-level studies.
Cambodia
Evidence strength: Moderate
Key resources: SEARCA regional climate review; FAO/SEAFDEC resources; Chin Leakhena et al. (2021); WorldFish homestead ponds (2024); Fiorella et al. (2023); CDRI Tonle Sap; FAO coastal resilience project
Priority: Medium
Notes: Needs more targeted country-level aquaculture adaptation studies. Added: Allison et al. (2009) vulnerability ranking, Fiorella et al. (2023) Tonle Sap study, CDRI vulnerability report and the FAO coastal-resilience project.
Indonesia
Evidence strength: Moderate–Strong
Key resources: SEARCA/CChAM coastal and fisheries work; WorldFish/CGIAR; Daluta & Dingi (2024); La Ode Geo et al. (2020); FAO Indonesia country report; SEAFDEC statistics
Priority: Medium
Notes: Expand with shrimp, mangrove-aquaculture and small-scale aquaculture studies. Added: La Ode Geo et al. (2020) seaweed-farmer climate-perception study and an FAO Indonesia country climate report.
Lao PDR
Evidence strength: Moderate
Key resources: FAO Guidelines for Sustainable Aquaculture case study on integrated agriculture-aquaculture; Li et al. (2023); SUMERNET policy brief; SEAFDEC resources
Priority: Medium
Notes: Strong opportunity to add inland aquaculture, rice-fish and disaster-resilience studies. Added: Li et al. (2023) rice-fish study (Northern Laos) and a SUMERNET climate-risk policy brief.
Malaysia
Evidence strength: Moderate–Strong
Key resources: Hamdan et al. (2015) aquaculture performance study; 2025 sector review; SEARCA/CChAM islander fishers study; NACA/WorldFish
Priority: Medium
Notes: Good country-specific evidence. Expand shrimp, cage culture and coastal systems.
Myanmar
Evidence strength: Moderate–Strong
Key resources: National Aquaculture Development Plan 2020; Aung et al. (2021); WWF mangrove-friendly aquaculture project; Quo Vadis review (2025); WorldFish
Priority: Medium
Notes: Strong policy evidence. Added: Aung et al. (2021) technical-efficiency study and the WWF/Global EbA Fund mangrove-aquaculture resilience project.
Philippines
Evidence strength: Strong
Key resources: SEARCA/CChAM; AJAD; multiple peer-reviewed studies; SEAFDEC; FAO
Priority: Medium
Notes: Already well represented. Maintain coverage but avoid a Philippines-heavy bias.
Singapore
Evidence strength: Moderate
Key resources: Singapore Aquaculture Plan (2020); SFA climate-resilience materials; Aquaculture 532 technology/feed study (2021)
Priority: Medium
Notes: More policy and industry evidence than peer-reviewed climate-adaptation studies.
Thailand
Evidence strength: Moderate
Key resources: Lebel et al. (2018 ×2); Uppanunchai et al. (2015); Janmaimool et al. (2025); Embke et al. (2024); SEAFDEC resources
Priority: Medium
Notes: Needs targeted shrimp, tilapia and coastal aquaculture climate studies. Added: Janmaimool et al. (2025) Bang Khun Thian livelihoods study and Embke et al. (2024) Mekong Basin adaptation study.
Timor-Leste
Evidence strength: Limited
Key resources: WorldFish sector reports (2019, 2025); FAO/WorldFish IkanAdapt; Johnson et al. (2023); CTSP/WorldFish (2011); ACIAR TR103 (2025)
Priority: High
Notes: SEAFDEC regional statistics exclude Timor-Leste. Country-specific climate–aquaculture literature is sparse. Added: the FAO/WorldFish IkanAdapt project, Johnson et al. (2023) Arafura–Timor Seas vulnerability assessment and the 2011 CTSP/WorldFish fisheries-dependence report.
Vietnam
Evidence strength: Strong
Key resources: Multiple peer-reviewed Mekong studies; FAO; SEARCA/CChAM discussion papers; WorldFish foresight study
Priority: Medium
Notes: Strongest country evidence after the Philippines, especially shrimp, pangasius, rice-shrimp and salinity.